In this lecture, we study the important application of a diode called Rectification, and understand the working of Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers, including Centre-Tapped and Bridge Rectifiers.

⚡ What is Rectification?

Rectification is defined as:

The process of converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

Since electronic devices require DC, rectifiers are used in power supplies.

A diode acts as a rectifier because it allows current to pass only in one direction.

🔹 Half-Wave Rectifier (HWR)

🔸 Working Principle:

• Uses a single diode

• During positive half cycle → Diode conducts

• During negative half cycle → Diode blocks

Output:

• Only positive half cycles appear

• Pulsating DC

📌 Key Features:

• Simple circuit

• Low efficiency

• High ripple factor

🔹 Full-Wave Rectifier (FWR)

A full-wave rectifier uses both half cycles of AC.

1️⃣ Centre-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

🔸 Working:

• Uses two diodes

• Requires centre-tapped transformer

• Each diode conducts in alternate half cycles

Output:

• Both positive half cycles

• More efficient than HWR

2️⃣ Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier

🔸 Working:

• Uses four diodes

• No centre-tap required

• Two diodes conduct in each half cycle

Output:

• Continuous pulsating DC

• Higher efficiency

• Most commonly used rectifier

📊 Comparison

🎯 By the End of This Lecture

You will:

• Define rectification

• Explain working of half-wave rectifier

• Differentiate centre-tapped and bridge rectifier

• Compare efficiency and performance

This lecture prepares you for studying filters, smoothing circuits, and voltage regulation in upcoming lessons.